Chosen Solution
So i replaced my Iphone Battery with the Guide. Reassembled it, turned it on. Nothing. Connected to my macbook-> itunes tells me that i have to enter the passcode on my phone. What is the best way to look into what could cause the trouble? Do i have to put everytime the cable brackets on before testing if it works? Thank you for you answers.
Try soft reseting your iPhone. So just click power for 5 seconds, add home (keep pressing power) for 10 seconds and release power (keep pressing home) for another 5 seconds. Get back to me if it works.